In the Quran, there are two types of Madd: Madd Asli (Original Madd) and Madd Faree (Secondary Madd). Madd Faree is divided into two types: Madd Faree due to hamza and Madd Faree due to sukoon. Madd Faree due to sukoon is further divided into two types: temporary sukoon (Al-Madd Al-Aarid Lissukoon and Madd Al Leen) and permanent sukoon (Madd Lazim).
One type of Madd related to sukoon is Al-Madd Al-Aarid Lissukoon, which we will explain in this article.
In a Nutshell: Al-Madd Al-Aarid Lissukoon is a Tajweed rule applied when stopping at the end of a Quranic word where a Madd letter (أ, و, ي) is followed by another letter. It requires a temporary sukoon on the final letter of the verse, with prolongation lasting 2, 4, or 6 counts.
Let’s Dive Deeper:
Al-Madd Al-Aarid Lissukoon
Madd ‘Āriḍ Li’s-Sukūn (المد العارض للسكون) is one of the secondary prolongation rules (Al-Madd Al-Farʿī) in Tajweed. It occurs when a letter of madd (ا, و, or ي preceded by a letter with a matching harakah) is followed by a consonant that becomes temporarily sukun due to stopping (waqf) during recitation.
So, Al-Madd Al-Aarid Lissukoon occurs when one of the Madd letters (أ, و, ي) is followed by a letter at the end of the verse, and we stop reciting. The Madd letters are:
- (ا) pronounced as alef and preceded by a letter with fatha,
- (و) pronounced as waw and preceded by a letter with dammah,
- (ي) pronounced as yaa and preceded by a letter with kasrah.
The rule of Al-Madd Al-Aarid Lissukoon
When one of Madd letters(أ, و, ي) is followed by a letter at the end of the verse and we stop reciting, we apply Al-Madd Al-Aarid Lissukoon as we stop with sukoon at the last letter of the verse. However, if we continue reciting to the following verse, in this case, we apply Al-Madd Al-Asli(oriinal or natural)Madd with two Madd counts.
Al-Madd Al-Aarid Lissukoon is prolonged by 2, 4, or 6 counts. It is important to note that you should continue reciting the surah with the same count of Madd.
Additionally, it is important to know that the Madd letter and the following letter will be the last two letters of the last word in the verse.
Types of Madd ‘Āriḍ Li’s-Sukūn
Madd ‘Āriḍ Li’s-Sukūn varies based on the origin of the madd in the word:
1. Based on Natural Madd (Madd Ṭabīʿī)
Occurs when the original madd is natural (2 counts when connected). Upon stopping, it becomes Madd ‘Āriḍ.
- Examples:
- الأوتادِ in ﴿وَفِرْعَوْنَ ذِي الْأَوْتَادِ﴾ (Al-Fajr 10)
- بالدِّينِ in ﴿تُكَذِّبُونَ بِالدِّينِ﴾ (Al-Infitar 9)
- تفعلونَ in ﴿يَعْلَمُونَ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ﴾ (Al-Infitar 12)
- Length Options on Stopping: 2, 4, or 6 counts.
2. Based on Madd Al-Līn (Soft Madd)
Happens when a soft letter (و or ي after a fathah) is followed by a consonant that gains sukun due to waqf.
- Examples:
- الصيفِ in ﴿رِحْلَةَ الشِّتَاءِ وَالصَّيْفِ﴾ (Quraysh 2)
- البيتِ in ﴿رَبَّ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ﴾ (Quraysh 3)
- خوفٍ in ﴿وَآمَنَهُم مِّنْ خَوْفٍ﴾ (Quraysh 4)
- Length Options: 2, 4, or 6 counts.
3. Based on Madd Al-Badl
Occurs when a hamzah is followed by a letter of madd. If stopped on it, the rule of Madd ‘Āriḍ Li’s-Sukūn applies.
- Examples:
- المآبِ in ﴿حُسْنُ الْمَآبِ﴾ (Āl ʿImrān 14)
- خاطئينَ in ﴿كَانُوا خَاطِئِينَ﴾ (Al-Qaṣaṣ 8)
- يُرَاؤُونَ in ﴿الَّذِينَ هُمْ يُرَاؤُونَ﴾ (Al-Māʿūn 6)
- Length Options: 2, 4, or 6 counts.
4. Based on Madd Al-Wājib Al-Muttaṣil (Mandatory Connected Madd)
Occurs when a hamzah comes after a madd letter in the same word, and the word ends with it. Upon stopping, the sukun becomes temporary.
- Examples:
- يشاءُ in ﴿مَن يَشَاءُ﴾ (Al-Jumuʿah 4)
- بالسوءِ in ﴿بِالسُّوءِ﴾ (Al-Mumtaḥanah 2)
- المسيءُ in ﴿وَلَا الْمُسِيءُ﴾ (Ghāfir 58)
- Length Options on Stopping: 4, 5, or 6 counts
(In connection: only 4 or 5 counts).
Examples of Al-Madd Al-Aarid Lissukoon
To understand how to apply the rule of Al-Madd Al-Aarid Lissukoon during recitation, we will explain some examples to clarify this.
Example 1
In the word (خَالِدُونَ), the Madd letter waw is preceded by a letter with dammah. As the letter waw and the letter (ن) pronounced as noon are the last two letters of the word, and this word is the last word of the verse, we apply Al-Madd Al-Aarid Lissukoon. This Madd is prolonged for 2, 4, or 6 counts, and we stop reciting with sukoon at the letter (ن).
Example 2
In the word (الْحَكِيمُ), the Madd letter yaa is preceded by a letter with kasrah. As the letter yaa and the letter (م) pronounced as meem are the last two letters of the word, and this word is the last word of the verse, we apply Al-Madd Al-Aarid Lissukoon. This Madd is prolonged for 2, 4, or 6 counts, and we stop reciting with sukoon at the letter(م).
Example 3
In the word (الفاسِقِينَ), the Madd letter yaa is preceded by a letter with kasrah. As the letter yaa and the letter (ن) pronounced as noon are the last two letters of the word, and this word is the last word of the verse, we apply Al-Madd Al-Aarid Lissukoon. This Madd is prolonged for 2, 4, or 6 counts, and we stop reciting with sukoon at the letter(ن).
Example 4
(وَٱلَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ مِن قَبْلِكَ وَبِالْآخِرَةِ هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ)
In the last word of the verse (يُوقِنُونَ), the waw is a Madd letter followed by (ن). This is the last word of the verse, and the waw and noon are the last letters in the word. Therefore, we apply Al-Madd Al-Aarid Lissukoon. When we stop reciting at the (ن) letter, we should stop with sukoon on (ن).
Additionally, if you have a short breath and stop at the word (يُؤْمِنُونَ), you should apply the rule of Al-Madd Al-Aarid Lissukoon with temporary sukoon on the (ن) letter, as it is followed by the waw as a Madd letter.
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Conclusion:
Al-Madd Al-Aarid Lissukoon occurs when we stop reciting on the last word of the verse, if there is a Madd letter (ا, و, ي) followed by another letter. In this case, we stop reciting with a temporary sukoon on the last letter of the word. The time of prolonging Al-Madd Al-Aarid Lissukoon should be 2, 4, or 6 counts. It is important to note that you should continue reciting the surah with the same count of Madd.
