Idgham Mutaqaribain, Mutajanisain And Mutamatsilain With Examples

Idgham Mutaqaribain, Mutajanisain, and Mutamatsilain are three critical types of Idgham Kamil that govern how letters interact when they come together in recitation. These types are based on the articulation points and phonetic qualities of the letters involved. Understanding how and when to apply these rules ensures that reciters pronounce the Quranic text correctly and beautifully.

Each type of Idgham has specific characteristics. Idgham Mutaqaribain occurs when two letters that are close in articulation merge together, Idgham Mutajanisain applies to letters that share similar phonetic qualities, and Idgham Mutamatsilain involves identical letters. These variations play a significant role in the recitation, and knowing the examples and rules for each helps reciters maintain clarity and precision in their delivery.

Idgham Kamel Mutajanisain:

What does ‘mutajanisain’ mean? Homogeneous letters are those that are close in articulation and similar in phonetic characteristics. These letters are divided into groups based on their articulation points in the mouth.

 In the science of Tajweed (Quranic recitation), homogeneous letters are handled in specific ways to ensure correct and precise pronunciation. Examples of homogeneous letters include:

• Taa (ت), Daal (د), Taa (ط): These letters are articulated from the tip of the tongue touching the roots of the upper front teeth.

• Thaa (ث), Dhaal (ذ), Zhaa (ظ): These letters are articulated from the tip of the tongue touching the edges of the upper front teeth.

• Baa (ب), Meem (م), Waaw (و): These letters are articulated from the lips.
• Jeem (ج), Sheen (ش), Yaa (ي): These letters are articulated from the middle of the tongue.
• Kaaf (ك), Qaaf (ق): These letters are articulated from the back of the tongue.

These letters share articulation points and have similar characteristics, which classifies them as homogeneous letters.

When two homogeneous letters meet, with the first having a (sukoon) and the second having a vowel (fatha, damma, or kasra), the rule here is complete Idgham, and it is called “Idgham of homogeneous letters” (Idgham mutajanisayn).

Tables and Illustrations Idgham Kamel Mutajanisain Letters 

Idgham Kamel Mutmatsilain:

The identical letters are two letters that coincide in articulation and characteristics. If two identical letters meet, the first letter has a sukoon but is not one of the elongation letters (alif, waw, ya), and the second letter is vowelized, then the ruling is Idgham, and it is called ‘Idgham of identical letters. 

Conditions of Idgham Mutmatsilain:

• The two letters must be identical in their place and manner of articulation 
• The first letter must be (sākin) the next letter must be (mutaharek) 
• The first (sākin) letter cannot be one of the long vowels (alif, waw, ya)

Examples of Idgham Mutmatsilain:

• (baa) ب with sokoon followed by ب (baa) with haraka (fatha,kasra,dhamma)
• (taa) ت with sokoon followed by ت (taa) with haraka (fatha,kasra,dhamma)
• (kaf) كـ with sokoon followed by كـ (kaf) with haraka (fatha,kasra,dhamma)

Idgham Kamel Mutaqaribain: 

What does ‘mutaqaribain’ mean? Mutaqaribain Idgham refers to the Idgham that appears when two letters that are close in articulation and in characteristics. The first letter with sokoun . The ruling in this case is the assimilation of the two letters, where the first letter disappears and the following letter is pronounced with emphasis. This is called Idgham mutaqaribain. 

Cases of Idgham mutaqaribain:

The stationary “ل” with “ر”.

The stationary “ن” and “tanween” with “و”, “ي”, “ر”, “م”, and “ل.

The stationary “ق” with “ك”.

The definite article “ال”with  letters: “ط”, “ث”, “ص”, “ر”, “ت”, “ض”, “ذ”, “ن”, “د”, “س”, “ظ”, “ز”, “ش”, and “ل.

An exception from the ruling of assimilation of close letters in the verse ﴿وَقِيلَ مَنْ رَاقٍ﴾ (“Wa Qeel Marraq?”) (Al-Qiyamah 27) because there is a slight pause after the stationary “ن”.

Examples of Idgham Mutaqaribain:

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Conclusion:

The three types of Idgham kamil—Mutaqaribain, Mutajanisain, and Mutamatsilain—are fundamental to Tajweed and Quranic recitation. Idgham Mutaqaribain happens when two similar-sounding letters merge, Idgham Mutajanisain applies when letters are articulated in the same or closely related manner, and Idgham Mutamatsilain is used for identical letters. Mastering these rules allows reciters to achieve smooth and harmonious pronunciation in their recitations.

By learning and practicing these Idgham types, one can enhance the accuracy and beauty of their Quranic recitation. Whether you’re a beginner or looking to refine your Tajweed skills, understanding these types of Idgham is essential to perfecting your pronunciation and ensuring your recitation aligns with the rules of Tajweed.