Idgham with Ghunnah involves merging a letter with a nasal sound, primarily using “ي” (ya), “ن” (noon), “م” (meem), and “و” (waw), adding a resonant quality to the recitation. In contrast, Idgham without Ghunnah merges letters without a nasal sound, using “ر” (ra) and “ل” (lam), ensuring a clear and distinct pronunciation without nasal resonance. Both types enhance the fluency and harmony of Quranic recitation by facilitating smooth transitions between specific letters.
In the study of Tajweed, the art of reciting the Quran with proper pronunciation and intonation, various rules are employed to ensure the correct pronunciation of letters and words. One of these rules is “Idgham” which means merging or assimilating. In this article, we will explore Idgham in detail, focusing on Idgham with Ghunnah and Idgham without Ghunnah. We will look into their meanings, examples, and specific letters involved in each type.
Idgham With Ghunnah And Without Ghunnah
There are different types of Idgham, but we’ll focus on two main ones:
Idgham with Ghunnah ( إدغام بغنة ):
Here, the “n” sound is assimilated with a following consonant, accompanied by a nasal resonance (like a soft hum) for a longer duration.
Idgham without Ghunnah ( إدغام بغير غنّة ):
Similar to the previous one, the “n” sound merges with the following consonant, but without the nasal resonance.
Let’s explore these concepts further with some letters and examples.
Idgham With Ghunnah Letters
Idgham with Ghunnah refers to the merging of one letter into another with a nasal sound. This type of Idgham includes the characteristic nasalization, adding a resonant quality to the merged pronunciation.
The letters involved in Idgham with Ghunnah are:
- ي (Ya)
- ن (Noon)
- م (Meem)
- و (Waw)
These letters are referred to as “Idgham With Ghunnah” letters.
Examples of Idgham With Ghunnah in the Quran
Here are some examples of Idgham With Ghunnah in the Holy Quran:
Ayah: (وَجَعَلْنَا سِرَاجًا وَهَّاجًا )
Surah: An-Naba (78:13)
Translation: (wa ja’alna sirajan wahhaja)
Explanation: In this verse, the letter “و” (waw) in “وَهَّاجًا” comes after the tanween at the end of “سِرَاجًا”. The sound of the tanween (which resembles “an”) is merged into the “و” with a nasal sound, creating a smooth transition between the words.
Example 2:
Ayah: (جَزَاءً مِّن رَّبِّكَ عَطَاءً حِسَابًا )
Surah: An-Naba (78:36)
Translation: (jazaa’an mir rabbika ‘ata’an hisaba)
Explanation: In this example, the tanween in “جَزَاءً” is followed by the letter “م” (meem). The nasal sound (ghunnah) is applied, and the tanween merges into the “م”. The reader should emphasize the nasal sound, creating a continuous and fluent pronunciation.
Example 3:
Ayah: وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ آمَنَّا بِاللَّـهِ وَبِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَمَا هُمْ بِمُؤْمِنِينَ
Surah: Al-Baqarah (2:8)
Translation: (wa mina an-naasi man yaqulu aamannaa billaahi wa bil-yawmi al-aakhiri wa ma hum bimu’mineen)
Explanation: In this verse, the letter “ي” (ya) in “يَقُولُ” comes after the noon saakinah in “مَنْ”. The noon sound merges into the “ي” with a nasal sound, creating a smooth transition between the words.
Example 4
Ayah: (إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْهِمْ ءَأَنذَرْتَهُمْ أَمْ لَمْ تُنذِرْهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ)
Surah: Al-Baqarah (2:6)
Translation: (inna alladhina kafaru sawa’un ‘alayhim a’anđartahum am lam tunđirhum la yu’minun)
Explanation: In this verse, the letter “ل” (lam) in “لَا” comes after the noon saakinah in “تُنذِرْهُمْ”. The noon sound merges into the “ل” with a nasal sound, creating a smooth transition between the words.
Example 5
Ayah: (فَإِن لَّمْ يَسْتَجِيبُوا لَكَ فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّمَا يَتَّبِعُونَ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ ۚ وَمَنْ أَضَلُّ مِمَّنِ اتَّبَعَ هَوَاهُ بِغَيْرِ هُدًى مِّنَ اللَّـهِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّـهَ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ)
Surah: Al-Qasas (28:50)
Translation: (fa in lam yastajeebū laka fa’lam annamā yattabi’ūna ahwā’ahum waman ađallu mimmani ittaba’a hawāhu bighayri hudan mina Allāh ʾinnallāha lā yahdī l-qawma aż-żālimīn)
Explanation: In this verse, the letter “ل” (lam) in “لَّمْ” comes after the noon saakinah in “إِن”. The noon sound merges into the “ل” with a nasal sound, creating a seamless transition between the words.
| Type of Idgham | Letters | Example | Explanation | Surah | Ayah |
| Idgham With Ghunnah | ي (Ya), ن (Noon), | من يعمل | “ن” merges into “ي” with a nasal sound. | Al-Nis’a | 110 |
| Idgham With Ghunnah | م(Mem) , و (Waw) | من ولى | “ن” merges into “و” with a nasal sound. | Al-Baqarah | 107 |
| Idgham With Ghunnah | م (Mem) , ي (Ya) | من يأتيكم | “ن” merges into “ي” with a nasal sound. | Al-Mulk | 30 |
| Idgham With Ghunnah | ن (Non) , ي (Ya) | أن يصدكم | “ن” merges into “ص” with a nasal sound. | Sab’a | 34 |
Summary
Idgham with Ghunnah involves merging letters with a nasal sound. The key letters for Idgham with Ghunnah are “ي” (yaa), “ن” (noon), “م” (meem), and “و” (waw). This rule enhances the fluency and harmony of Quranic recitation by ensuring smooth transitions between specific letters. To master this rule and other Tajweed principles, consider enrolling in courses at reputable institutions like the Sheikhi Academy.
In these examples, the nasalization adds a resonant and continuous quality to the pronunciation.
Idgham Without Ghunnah Letters
Idgham without Ghunnah refers to the merging of one letter into another without a nasal sound. The word “Ghunnah” means nasalization or the nasal sound. In this type of Idgham, the nasal sound is not present.
When Idgham without Ghunnah occurs, the first letter is merged into the second letter, and the pronunciation becomes clear and distinct without any nasal sound.
The letters involved in Idgham without Ghunnah are:
- ر (Ra)
- ل (Lam)
These letters are referred to as “Idgham without Ghunnah” letters.
Examples of Idgham Without Ghunnah in the Holy Quran
Here are several examples of Idgham Without Ghunnah in the Holy Quran:
Example 1
Ayah: مَن لَّمْ يَذُقِ الْعَذَابَ
Surah: Al-Imran (3:182)
Translation: (man lam yadhuq al-azab)
Explanation: In this verse, the letter “ل” (lam) comes after the noon saakinah in “مَن”. The noon sound merges into the “ل” without a nasal sound, resulting in a smooth transition between the words.
Example 2
Ayah: مِن رَّبِّهِمْ
Surah: Al-Baqarah (2:5)
Translation: (min rabbihim)
Explanation: In this verse, the letter “ر” (ra) comes after the noon saakinah in “مِن”. The noon sound merges into the “ر” without a nasal sound, ensuring a seamless transition between the words.
Example 3
Ayah: إِن لَّمْ
Surah: Al-Baqarah (2:6)
Translation: (in lam)
Explanation: In this verse, the letter “ل” (lam) comes after the noon saakinah in “إِن”. The noon sound merges into the “ل” without a nasal sound, creating a continuous flow in the recitation.
Example 4
Ayah: فَمَنْ رَبُّكُمَا
Surah: Al-A’raf (7:123)
Translation: (fa man rabbukuma)
Explanation: In this verse, the letter “ر” (ra) comes after the noon saakinah in “فَمَنْ”. The noon sound merges into the “ر” without a nasal sound, providing a smooth connection between the words.
Example 5
Ayah: مَن لَدُن Surah: Al-Kahf (18:28) Translation: (man ladun)
Explanation: The “ن” in “مَن” is merged into the “ل” in “لَدُن” without a nasal sound, resulting in a clear and fluid pronunciation.
Example 6
Ayah: مَن رَحِمَ
Surah: Al-Kahf (18:32)
Translation: (man rahima)
Explanation: The “ن” in “مَن” is merged into the “ر” in “رَحِمَ” without a nasal sound, ensuring a seamless flow between the words.
Tables and Illustrations Idgham Without Ghunnah
| Type of Idgham | Letters | Example Word Pair | Explanation |
| Idgham Without Ghunnah | ر (Ra), ل (Lam) | مَن لَدُن (man ladun) | “ن” merges into “ل” without a nasal sound. |
| Idgham Without Ghunnah | ر (Ra), ل (Lam) | مَن رَحِمَ (man rahima) | “ن” merges into “ر” without a nasal sound. |
| Idgham With Ghunnah | ي (Ya), ن (Noon), م (Meem), و (Waw) | مَن يَعْمَلْ (man ya’mal) | “ن” merges into “ي” with a nasal sound. |
For beginners, this structured approach will help in understanding and practicing Idgham, an essential component of Tajweed.
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Conclusion
By completing this article, we hope you have benefited from understanding the principles of Idgham with Ghunnah and without Ghunnah in the Tajweed of the Quran.
This knowledge enables you to have a deeper understanding of recitation and improve your abilities to recite the Quran correctly and beautifully.
We now encourage you to apply what you have learned by listening to Quranic verses and attempting to identify whether they contain Idgham with Ghunnah or without Ghunnah. These practical experiments allow you to refine your skills further and deepen your connection with the Quranic text.
