Madd Lazim, a secondary type of Madd in Tajweed, occurs when a letter of Madd is followed by a consonant with a permanent Sukoon. This type of elongation is essential for accurate Quranic recitation, preserving the text’s original pronunciation and preventing misinterpretations.
Madd Lazim is applied with six counts and is classified into Madd Lazim Kalimi (in words) and Madd Lazim Harfi (in disjointed letters at the beginning of some surahs).
Learning Madd Lazim is crucial for maintaining the Quran’s integrity, enhancing spiritual experiences, and fostering unity among Muslims.
In this article, we will explain Al Madd al Lazim, which falls under the category of secondary Madd.
Definiton of Madd Lazim
Al Madd al Lazim occurs when a letter of Madd is followed by a consonant (harf sakin) with a permanent Sukoon (a static consonant).
The meaning of a permanent Sukoon is that the letter remains static whether we stop on it during reading or continue reading without stopping; Meaning that the Sukoon does not change whether in continuation or at a stop. The duration of this Madd is six counts.
Examples of Madd Lazim
To better understand the previous definition, we will explain three examples of Madd Lazim.
﴾ٱلضَّاۤلِّینَ﴾ ﴿ٱلصَّاۤخَّةُ﴾ ﴿أَتُحَـٰۤجُّوۤنِّی﴿
The second example is the word ﴾ٱلصَّاۤخَّةُ﴿. The letter of Madd here is (أ), read as (alef) with six counts of Madd. This is because the following letter is (خ), read as (khaa) with a Sukoon. Therefore, we apply the rule of Madd Lazim.
The last example is the word ﴾أَتُحَـٰۤجُّوۤنِّی﴿. In this word, there are two letters of Madd. The first letter is (ا), with six counts of Madd. The next letter after alef is (ج), read as (jeem) with a Sukoon.
The second letter of Madd here is (و), which is read as (wow) with six counts of Madd. The next letter after waw is (ن), read as (noon) with a Sukoon.
Why Learn Madd Lazim?
Learning Madd Lazim is crucial for preserving the precise pronunciation, preventing misinterpretations, showing respect for the Quran, enhancing spiritual experiences, and maintaining unity in the Muslim community.
Madd Lazim, an essential rule in Tajweed, is crucial for several reasons, especially:
1. Accurate Quranic Recitation:
Madd Lazim is a part of Tajweed, the set of rules that govern the correct pronunciation and recitation of the Quran. By learning and applying Madd Lazim, reciters ensure their pronunciation aligns with how the Quran was revealed and intended to be recited, preserving its authenticity and beauty.
2. Avoiding Misinterpretation:
Proper application of Madd Lazim helps in avoiding mistakes that can alter the meaning of the Quranic text. The lengthening of vowels, as dictated by Madd Lazim, is not merely a stylistic choice but a phonetic necessity that distinguishes different words and meanings. Incorrect application can lead to significant misunderstandings of the Quranic message.
Types of Madd Lazim
There are two types of Madd Lazim, It can either be in a word (Madd Lazim Kalimi) or a letter (Madd Lazim Harfi). Each type is further divided into two parts.
Madd Lazim Kalimi
It is divided into:
- light word Madd (Madd Lazim Kalimi Mukhaffaf); This occurs when a static letter follows a letter of (Madd) As in the word ﴾ءَآلۡـَٰٔنَ﴿ for example, and this is the only word in the Quran with a light Madd.
- heavy word Madd (Madd Lazim Kalimi Mmuthaqal); This occurs when a letter with shadaa( ّ )follows a letter of (Madd) As in the word﴾ ٱلصَّاۤخَّةُ﴿
Madd Lazim Harfi
It is divided into:
- light letter Madd (Madd Lazim Harfi Mukhaffaf)
- heavy letter Madd (Madd Lazim Harfi Muthaqal)
Before going to explain Madd Lazim Harfi, we should understand that in Quran 14 disjointed letters appear in the beginnings of surahs and they are gathered in the sentence(نص حكيم قاطع له سر) so these letters are (ن ص ح ك ي م ق ا ط ع ل ه س ر)
These 14 letters can be split into 4 categories:
- No extra Madd: this is only for the letter alif(أ)
- Madd of two counts: these letters are each pronounced as two letters with the second letter being a letter of mad, the letters are gathered in the sentence(حي طهر ) so these letters are(ح ي ط ه ر) pronounced as (حا يا طا ها را)
- Madd for either four or six counts: this only for the letter ain(ع)
the previous three categories are considered the exception of Madd Lazim Harfi, the fourth category is :
- Madd for six counts(Madd Lazim Harfi): its letters gathered in the sentence(سنقص لكم) and these letters are each pronounced as three letters with the center letter being a letter of Madd (سين نون قاق صاد لام كاف ميم)
Madd Lazim Harfi Mukhaffaf
Madd Lazim Harfi Mukhaffaf means (compulsory light elongation in one letter) it occurs at the beginning of surahs where there is a letter of Madd sound followed by a Sukoon, as at the beginning of surah qaf ﴾قۤ﴿ and it is read as (قاف).
Madd Lazim Harfi Muthaqal
Madd Lazim Harfi Muthaqal means (compulsory heavy elongation in one letter) it occurs at the beginning of surahs that are spelt out of with three letters, the middle letter has a harf Madd sound and it merges with the last letter, as at the beginning of surah al-Baqara﴾ الۤمۤ﴿ and in the beginning of surah al-Qasas ﴾ طسۤمۤ﴿.
Comparison of Madd Lazim and its types
| Definition of Madd Lazim | It occurs when a letter of Madd is followed by a consonant (harf sakin) with a permanent Sukoon. Duration is six counts. | |
| Types of Madd Lazim | Madd Lazim is divided into two main types: Madd Lazim Kalimi and Madd Lazim Harfi, each with subtypes. |
But for MAdd Lazim Kalimi:
| Madd Lazim Kalimi | Occurs in words (Kalimi) | |
| 1. Light Word Madd (Madd Lazim Kalimi Mukhaffaf) | A static letter follows a letter of Madd. | ﴿ءَآلۡـَٰٔنَ﴾ |
| 2. Heavy Word Madd (Madd Lazim Kalimi Muthaqqal) | A letter with shadda ( ّ ) follows a letter of Madd. | ﴾ٱلصَّاۤخَّةُ﴿ |
And For Madd Lazim Harfi:
| Madd Lazim Harfi | Occurs in letters (Harfi), specifically the disjointed letters at the beginning of some surahs. | |
| 1. Light Letter Madd (Madd Lazim Harfi Mukhaffaf) | A letter of Madd sound followed by a Sukoon at the beginning of surahs. | ﴿قۤ﴾ read as (قاف) |
| 2. Heavy Letter Madd (Madd Lazim Harfi Muthaqqal) | Occurs at the beginning of surahs, the middle letter has a harf Madd sound and merges with the last letter. | ﴿الۤمۤ﴾ ﴿طسۤمۤ﴾ |
Types of Disjointed Letters
| Category | Description | Examples |
| No Extra Madd | Only for the letter alif (أ) | |
| Madd of Two Counts | Letters pronounced as two letters with the second being a letter of Madd (ح ي ط ه ر)Pronounced as (حا يا طا ها را) | (حي طهر) |
| Madd for Four or Six Counts | Only for the letter ain (ع) | |
| Madd for Six Counts(Madd Lazim) | Letters pronounced as three letters with the center letter being a letter of Madd (سنقص لكم) | (سين نون قاف صاد لام كاف ميم) |
How To Learn Madd Lazim?
As with any rule of Tajweed, the rule of Madd Lazim can be learned by following some suggested advice. Learning and applying this rule enhances the accuracy and beauty of recitation.
We introduce the following advice to facilitate applying the rule of Madd Lazim:
1. Understand the basics of Tajweed
One can enhance their recitation by knowing the correct pronunciation of each letter and gaining a basic understanding of Tajweed rules, including Madd Lazim, and Madd Badal which is a specific part of these rules.
2- Study the Madd Lazim rulings with Qualified Tutors:
Many mosques and Islamic centers offer Tajweed classes taught by qualified instructors. Additionally, there are numerous online platforms where you can find certified Qur’an teachers who specialize in Tajweed, such as Shaykhi Academy.
3- Practice regularly:
Listening to proficient reciters to understand the proper pronunciation and elongation, and practicing recitation with a focus on applying Madd Lazim correctly, will enhance your recitation when applied regularly.
4- Use Tajweed resources:
Utilizing Tajweed resources will enrich your understanding of Tajweed and assist in mastering the Tajweed rules, especially when practiced regularly through books, websites, online courses, and Tajweed apps.
5- Find a tutor online
Learning from a qualified Quran teacher can offer personalized guidance and correction. We at Shikhy Academy offer a Quran course covering fundamental aspects of Quranic recitation, including Tajweed rules, pronunciation, and memorization techniques.
7- Regularly review what you’ve learned
By reviewing what you’ve learned, you will master your skills in Tajweed in general and in Madd Lazim specifically. This will enhance your recitation over time, improving your proficiency and accuracy.
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Conclusion
In conclusion, we can define the rule of Madd Lazim as follows: Madd Lazim occurs when a letter of Madd is followed by a consonant (harf sakin) with a permanent Sukoon, meaning that the Sukoon does not change whether in continuation or at a stop. The duration of this Madd is six counts.
We also mentioned that Madd Lazim can occur either in a word (Madd Lazim Kalimi) or a letter (Madd Lazim Harfi). Each type is further divided into two parts. Madd Lazim Kalimi is divided into Light Word Madd (Madd Lazim Kalimi Mukhaffaf) and Heavy Word Madd (Madd Lazim Kalimi Muthaqqal). Madd Lazim Harfi is divided into Light Letter Madd (Madd Lazim Harfi Mukhaffaf) and Heavy Letter Madd (Madd Lazim Harfi Muthaqqal).
To study and improve your recitation of the Quran according to these rulings, you can enroll in Shikhy Academy. At Shikhy Academy, you will find native qualified Quran teachers who will teach you the rules of Tajweed, including Madd Lazim, and help you enhance your knowledge and recitation. You can easily join through our website.
